First scientific expedition to newly exposed Antarctic ecosystem
A team of scientists, including Museums Victoria's Melanie Mackenzie, heads to Antarctica this week to investigate a mysterious marine ecosystem that's been hidden beneath an Antarctic ice shelf for up to 120,000 years.
A Collection Manager of Marine Invertebrates, Melanie Mackenzie is the only Australian joining the voyage led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). She will lend her collection management experience and knowledge of Antarctic sea cucumbers to the international team of scientists.
The iceberg known as A68, which is four times of London, calved off from the Larsen-C Ice Shelf in July 2017. The scientists will travel by ship to collect samples from the newly exposed seabed, which covers an area of around 5,818 km2. It is an urgent mission. The ecosystem that's likely been hidden beneath the ice for thousands of years may change as sunlight starts to alter the surface layers of the sea.
On board the BAS research ship RRS James Clark Ross they will leave Stanley in the Falkland Islands on 21 February to spend three weeks at sea in February-March 2018. Satellite monitoring is critical for the ship to navigate through the ice-infested waters to reach this remote location.
Melanie Mackenzie said, "This voyage provides a very rare and short-lived opportunity to get a snapshot of under-ice-shelf communities before the area starts to change, and in particular I hope to discover what species of sea cucumbers may have been living in this extreme environment."
Dr Katrin Linse, a marine biologist from British Antarctic Survey who is leading the mission said, "The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity study marine life as it responds to a dramatic environmental change. It's important we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water and new species begin to colonise. We've put together a team with a wide range of scientific skills so that we can collect as much information as possible in a short time. It's very exciting."
The team will investigate the area previously under the ice shelf by collecting seafloor animals, microbes, plankton, sediments and water samples using a range of equipment including video cameras and a special sledge pulled along the seafloor to collect tiny animals.
They will also record any marine mammals and birds that have moved into the area. Their findings will provide a picture of what life under the ice shelf was like so changes to the ecosystem can be tracked.
This newly exposed marine area is the first to benefit from an international agreement made in 2016 by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). This agreement designates Special Areas for Scientific Study in newly exposed marine areas following the collapse or retreat of ice shelves across the Antarctic Peninsula region. The agreement came following a European Union proposal to CCAMLR, led by British Antarctic Survey (BAS) scientists.
Professor David Vaughan, Science Director at BAS, says, "The calving of A68 offers a new and unprecedented opportunity to establish an interdisciplinary scientific research programme in this climate sensitive region. Now is the time to address fundamental questions about the sustainability of polar continental shelves under climate change.
"We need to be bold on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be."
While the team mobilises for the expedition, glaciologists and remote sensing specialists continue to monitor the movement of the Larsen C Ice Shelf. In December 2017, a team from University of Leeds worked on the remaining ice shelf to investigate changes in ice structure after the calving event, to be able to predict shelf stability in the future.
Images and footage are available.
Media release issued by the Press Office at British Antarctic Survey:
Athena Dinar, Senior PR & Communications Manager, British Antarctic Survey
[email protected] | +44 (0)7909 008516
The research expedition to the Larsen C Ice Shelf is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
The Larsen C research expedition is led by British Antarctic Survey and involves scientists from the following research institutes: University of Aberdeen, University of Newcastle, Natural History Museum, University of Southampton, Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany, Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum in Germany, University of Gothenburg in Sweden and Museums Victoria in Australia.
For Australian media interested in interviews with Melanie Mackenzie contact:
