Operating since 1878, the Ghan railway spans 2,979km between Adelaide and Darwin. Originally known as the Afghan Express, The Ghan takes its name from the 19th century Afghan camel drivers who arrived in Australia and helped to explore the country's remote interior.

The Puffing Billy is a heritage railway in the Dandenong Ranges, east of Melbourne. It consists of over 20kms of track, and several restored train engines and carriages and is mostly operated by volunteers and train enthusiasts.

Interstate rivalry between New South Wales and Victoria created many problems – most notably the creation of Canberra, a neutral national capital situated in the middle the two state capitals. State rivalry even effected rail travel where miscommunication led to a multitude of gauges being built in each state. During the 1850s there were up to eight gauges operating at one stage ranging from 2' to 4' 8.5". Prior to 1962 passengers travelling between Victoria and New South Wales had to “all out, all change” from one platform to another at Albury station, usually in the middle of the night.

Stirrups are attached to the saddle by a strap, hold the foot of a rider in position and offer important support when mounting and riding a horse.

Aviation in Australia began in the 1920s with the formation of Qantas. The company was founded by World War One veterans Paul McGinness and Hudson Fysh in Winton, Queensland. Winton is also well known for yielding several dinosaur fossils. Museums Victoria’s Senior Curator of Vertebrate Palaeontology Tom Rich and his wife Patricia Vicker-Rich named a dinosaur they discovered near Inverloch, Qantassaurus intrepidus after the airline.

Sandman was originally launched on the HQ Holden in 1974 as a panel van and ute. The design was intended to increase Holden’s presence and appeal in the growing recreational market with its customisable back that could fit anything from a mattress to a surfboard. Marketing played into the desired of the younger generation with slogans such as "Suddenly your car becomes your personal pleasure machine". Popular with surfers, lovers and bohemians alike, the car captured the imagination of a generation and has cemented itself as an Australian icon of the time.

The Arcadia and the Orcades were introduced by the P&O and Orient lines from the late 1940s. They were the last generation of great ocean liners purpose-built for the England to Australia route.

Petrol rationing continued in Australia up until 1950.

Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space in 1961. On 12 April his capsule, Vostok 1, completed one orbit of Earth, achieving a major milestone in the Space Race. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour. Recognition for his achievements continue to this day with Yuri's Night, an international celebration held every April 12 to commemorate milestones in space exploration named in his honour.